Regions & Cities

Regions

1. Nile Valley:
   Home to Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan, this region is the heart of Egypt’s ancient history. Major cities here are gateways to the iconic temples, tombs, and the Nile River.
2. Western Desert:
   Known for its vast sand dunes and oases like Siwa and Bahariya, this region offers unique adventures.
3. Red Sea Coast:
   Famous for its crystal-clear waters and vibrant coral reefs, cities like Hurghada and Marsa Alam are ideal for beach lovers and divers.
4. Sinai Peninsula:
   A region of rugged mountains and serene beaches, with notable destinations like Sharm El Sheikh and Mount Sinai.
5. Mediterranean Coast:
   The coastal cities of Alexandria and Marsa Matruh offer a mix of history and relaxation.

Cities

1. Cairo: Egypt’s bustling capital with the Egyptian Museum, Khan el-Khalili Bazaar, and the Pyramids of Giza nearby.
2. Luxor: The world’s greatest open-air museum with the Karnak Temple, Luxor Temple, and the Valley of the Kings.
3. Aswan: Known for its picturesque setting and the gateway to Abu Simbel.
4. Alexandria: A Mediterranean gem with a rich Greco-Roman heritage.
5. Hurghada: A Red Sea resort town famous for diving and water sports.
6. Sharm El Sheikh: A popular destination for luxury beach holidays and scuba diving.
7. Siwa Oasis: A remote oasis with hot springs, palm groves, and ancient ruins.
8. Marsa Matruh: A tranquil coastal town with pristine beaches.
9. Dahab: A haven for backpackers and divers on the Sinai Peninsula.
10. Giza: Renowned for the Pyramids and the Great Sphinx.

Other destinations

1. Abu Simbel: The monumental temples of Ramses II.
2. White Desert: A surreal landscape of chalk rock formations.
3. Nile River Cruises: Luxurious cruises between Luxor and Aswan.
4. Mount Sinai: A site of religious significance and stunning views.
5. Ras Mohammed National Park: A diver’s paradise near Sharm El Sheikh.
6. Dendera Temple: An impressive, well-preserved temple complex.
7. St. Catherine’s Monastery: A historic monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai.
8. Saqqara: The Step Pyramid of Djoser and ancient necropolises.
9. Lake Nasser: A man-made lake with unique desert scenery.
10. Wadi El-Rayan: A protected area with waterfalls and wildlife.

History

Egypt’s history is one of the richest and most captivating in the world, spanning over 5,000 years of human civilization. It is the birthplace of some of the most iconic monuments and achievements in human history.

• Ancient Egypt:
  The era of the pharaohs, spanning from 3100 BCE to 332 BCE, saw the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and countless temples and tombs. This was a time of remarkable advancements in art, architecture, and governance.
• Greek and Roman Periods:
  After Alexander the Great’s conquest in 332 BCE, Egypt became a Hellenistic kingdom under the Ptolemies, with Alexandria emerging as a hub of learning. In 30 BCE, Egypt became a Roman province.
• Islamic Egypt:
  With the Arab conquest in 641 CE, Egypt became a center for Islamic culture and trade. Cairo, founded in 969 CE, became a prominent city in the Islamic world.
• Ottoman Era:
  In 1517, Egypt fell under Ottoman rule, maintaining its importance as a cultural and economic center in the region.
• Modern Egypt:
  Egypt gained independence from British rule in 1922. Today, it is a republic with a rich cultural heritage that blends its ancient past with modern influences.

See

Itineraries

• Classic 7-Day Tour:
• Day 1: Cairo – Visit the Pyramids of Giza and the Egyptian Museum.
• Day 2: Saqqara and Memphis.
• Day 3-4: Luxor – Explore the Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, and Luxor Temple.
• Day 5-6: Aswan – Visit Philae Temple and take a Nile cruise.
• Day 7: Abu Simbel.
• Red Sea Escape:
  Spend a week diving or relaxing in Hurghada or Sharm El Sheikh, with day trips to nearby coral reefs and desert landscapes.
• Desert Adventures:
  Combine the White Desert and Siwa Oasis for a 5-7 day trip exploring Egypt’s lesser-known landscapes.

Natural Attractions

1. White Desert: A surreal desert of white chalk rock formations, perfect for camping under the stars.
2. Nile River: Lifeline of Egypt, ideal for cruises and scenic views.
3. Ras Mohammed National Park: A marine reserve near Sharm El Sheikh, known for vibrant coral reefs.
4. Lake Nasser: A vast reservoir with tranquil waters and wildlife.
5. Fayoum Oasis: Home to natural springs, lakes, and the ancient Whale Valley (Wadi Al-Hitan).

Historical and Cultural Attractions

1. Pyramids of Giza: The only surviving Wonder of the Ancient World.
2. Karnak Temple: A massive temple complex in Luxor.
3. Valley of the Kings: Burial site of pharaohs, including King Tutankhamun.
4. Abu Simbel Temples: Massive rock-cut temples of Ramses II.
5. Egyptian Museum: A treasure trove of ancient artifacts in Cairo.
6. Dendera Temple: An excellently preserved temple dedicated to Hathor.
7. Philae Temple: A beautiful island temple dedicated to the goddess Isis.
8. Citadel of Saladin: A medieval Islamic fortification in Cairo.
9. St. Catherine’s Monastery: One of the oldest working monasteries in the world.
10. Al-Azhar Mosque: A symbol of Islamic learning and architecture.

Close-up of one of the columns in Karnak Temple

Instagrammable Places

1. Pyramids of Giza: Iconic shots with the pyramids at sunrise or sunset.
2. Mount Sinai: Capture breathtaking mountain landscapes.
3. White Desert: Unique and otherworldly rock formations.
4. Karnak Temple: Striking columns and hieroglyphics.
5. Nile Cruises: Scenic views along the river.
6. Siwa Oasis: Palms, springs, and golden dunes.
7. Ras Mohammed National Park: Underwater photography of coral reefs.
8. Old Cairo: Cobblestone streets and historic mosques.
9. Aswan’s Elephantine Island: Rustic charm and vibrant colors.
10. Alexandria’s Corniche: Coastal vibes and Mediterranean sunsets.

Geography

Egypt’s geography is diverse, spanning arid deserts, fertile river valleys, and vibrant coastlines.

• Deserts:
• Sahara Desert: The world’s largest hot desert covers much of Egypt.
• White Desert: A striking area with chalk formations.
• River Valleys and Deltas:
• Nile River Valley: Fertile land supporting agriculture and home to most of Egypt’s population.
• Nile Delta: A lush region where the Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.
• Coastlines:
• Mediterranean Coast: Beautiful beaches in Alexandria and Marsa Matruh.
• Red Sea Coast: Coral reefs and resorts in Hurghada and Marsa Alam.
• Mountain Ranges:
• Mount Sinai: A sacred peak with panoramic views.
• Eastern Desert Mountains: Rugged terrain ideal for adventure.

What to Do

Egypt offers an array of activities that cater to every type of traveler, from history enthusiasts to adventure seekers and relaxation lovers. Here are some of the best activities you can enjoy:

1. Explore Ancient Monuments:
   Visit the iconic Pyramids of Giza, Luxor Temple, and Abu Simbel. Guided tours provide fascinating insights into ancient Egyptian civilization.
2. Cruise the Nile River:
   Embark on a luxurious multi-day cruise between Luxor and Aswan, stopping at historic temples and enjoying the serene river landscapes.
3. Snorkeling and Diving:
   Head to the Red Sea for world-class snorkeling and scuba diving in Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, or Hurghada. The vibrant coral reefs are teeming with marine life.
4. Desert Safaris:
   Venture into the White Desert or the Eastern Desert for a surreal landscape experience. Try camel rides, sandboarding, or camping under the stars.
5. Hot Air Ballooning in Luxor:
   Enjoy stunning aerial views of the Valley of the Kings and the Nile River at sunrise.
6. Visit Local Markets:
   Explore vibrant bazaars like Khan El Khalili in Cairo, famous for its spices, jewelry, and traditional crafts.
7. Relax on the Mediterranean Beaches:
   Unwind at the beautiful beaches of Alexandria or Marsa Matruh, perfect for sunbathing and swimming.
8. Stargazing in the Desert:
   The clear desert skies provide unparalleled opportunities for stargazing, especially in Siwa Oasis and the Sinai Desert.
9. Climb Mount Sinai:
   Trek to the summit of Mount Sinai, where tradition says Moses received the Ten Commandments. The sunrise view is worth the climb.
10. Explore Islamic Cairo:
    Wander through historic mosques, madrasas, and alleyways to experience the city’s Islamic heritage.

Food & Drink

Food

Egyptian cuisine is hearty, flavorful, and steeped in tradition. Here are some must-try dishes:

1. Koshari:
   A beloved street food made of lentils, rice, macaroni, and a tangy tomato sauce topped with fried onions.
2. Ful Medames:
   A traditional breakfast dish of slow-cooked fava beans seasoned with olive oil, garlic, and lemon.
3. Ta’ameya (Egyptian Falafel):
   Made with fava beans instead of chickpeas, this is a crunchy delight often served in pita bread.
4. Molokhia:
   A green, garlicky soup made from jute leaves, typically served with rice or bread.
5. Shawarma:
   A popular Middle Eastern wrap filled with marinated meat, vegetables, and tahini sauce.
6. Fattah:
   A festive dish featuring layers of crispy bread, rice, and meat topped with tomato sauce.
7. Hamam Mahshi (Stuffed Pigeon):
   A delicacy where pigeons are stuffed with spiced rice or freekeh and roasted to perfection.
8. Baklava:
   A sweet dessert made of phyllo dough, nuts, and honey or syrup.

Drink

1. Karkadeh (Hibiscus Tea):
   A refreshing drink served hot or cold, known for its tart flavor and vibrant red color.
2. Sahlab:
   A warm and creamy drink made with orchid root powder, milk, and topped with nuts.
3. Sugarcane Juice:
   A favorite among locals, this sweet, fresh-pressed juice is sold in stalls across Egypt.
4. Mint Tea:
   A staple in Egyptian households, this tea is aromatic and comforting.
5. Egyptian Coffee:
   Strong and similar to Turkish coffee, it’s an essential part of social gatherings.
6. Local Beer and Wine:
   Try Egyptian beer brands like Stella or Sakara and locally produced wine from the Nile Delta.
7. Arak:
   A traditional anise-flavored spirit, often served as an aperitif.

Buy

ATMs

ATMs are widely available in major cities and tourist destinations. Look for machines at banks, shopping malls, and airports. It’s a good idea to carry some cash, especially when visiting remote areas.

Credit and Debit Cards

Credit cards like Visa and MasterCard are commonly accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger stores. However, cash is preferred in markets and small establishments.

Tipping

Tipping is customary in Egypt. Service workers such as waiters, drivers, and hotel staff often expect tips. A small gratuity of 5-10% of the bill is standard.

Costs and Taxes

Prices in Egypt are relatively affordable for visitors. Taxes are typically included in the listed prices for goods and services.

What to Buy

1. Papyrus Art:
   Handcrafted papyrus scrolls with intricate hieroglyphics or artwork.
2. Alabaster Figurines:
   Beautifully carved statues and ornaments made from Egyptian alabaster.
3. Perfume Oils:
   Egypt is known for its high-quality, alcohol-free perfume oils.
4. Kilim Rugs:
   Handwoven rugs in vibrant colors and traditional designs.
5. Gold and Silver Jewelry:
   Exquisite pieces inspired by ancient Egyptian motifs.
6. Spices:
   Stock up on aromatic spices like cumin, coriander, and saffron from local markets.
7. Traditional Galabeya:
   A long, flowing garment perfect for comfort and style.
8. Cartouches:
   Personalized necklaces featuring your name in hieroglyphics.

Spices and pumices

Visit

Climate

Egypt’s climate is predominantly arid, with differences depending on the region:

1. Nile Valley:
• Hot summers (35-40°C) and mild winters (18-25°C).
• This region includes Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan.
2. Mediterranean Coast:
• Cooler than the rest of Egypt. Summers are warm (28-32°C), and winters can drop to 10-15°C. Alexandria lies here.
3. Red Sea Coast:
• Warm year-round with summer highs of 35-38°C and winter temperatures of 20-25°C. Popular for its beaches and water sports.
4. Desert Regions:
• Extremely hot summers exceeding 40°C and colder nights, especially in winter when temperatures can drop to 5-10°C.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Norway depends on what you’re looking for:

• Winter (November-February): Ideal for sightseeing in Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan. Average temperatures range from 10-25°C.
• Spring (March-May): Great for beach holidays and desert adventures. Temperatures are around 20-30°C.
• Summer (June-August): Perfect for coastal areas like the Red Sea, where temperatures range from 30-35°C. Avoid the desert regions during this period.
• Autumn (September-October): A pleasant time for cultural exploration with temperatures between 25-30°C.

Avoiding the Crowds: Visit during late February to early March or September to avoid peak tourist seasons.

Best Time for Activities:

• Water sports: Best in summer on the Red Sea coast.
• Hiking: Cooler months are ideal for hiking Mount Sinai.

Cheapest Travel Times: Low season in the summer (June-August) offers discounted prices, especially for city tours and accommodations.

Unique Festivities:

• Ramadan (dates vary): A special time with unique cultural and culinary experiences.
• Abu Simbel Sun Festival (February 22 and October 22): Witness the alignment of the sun on Ramses II’s statue.

Legend: ☁️= less than 3h of sunshine daily per month 🌥️= less than 6h  ☀️= more than 6h [Source]

Packing Tips

• Essentials for All Seasons:
• Comfortable walking shoes.
• A reusable water bottle.
• Sunglasses, sunscreen, and a hat.
• Lightweight scarf for visiting religious sites.
• Winter (November-February):
• A warm jacket and layers for cool evenings.
• Summer (June-August):
• Breathable fabrics like cotton or linen.
• Swimwear for the beaches.
• Desert Trips:
• Sturdy boots and a flashlight.
• A scarf or bandana to protect against dust.

How Long to Visit (Ideal Trip Duration)

1. Short Trips (3-4 Days): Focus on Cairo: Explore the Pyramids of Giza, the Egyptian Museum, and Khan El Khalili.
2. One Week: Combine Cairo with Luxor and Aswan or add a short beach stay in Hurghada or Sharm El Sheikh.
3. Two Weeks or More: Explore extensively: Visit Alexandria, the Western Desert, Mount Sinai, and enjoy a Nile cruise.

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Arrival & Transport

Get In

• Visa:
  • Most nationalities require a tourist visa. It can be obtained online as an eVisa or upon arrival at major airports for approximately $25 USD.
  • Some countries are exempt. Check with the Egyptian consulate for details.

By Plane:

• • Major international airports include Cairo International Airport (CAI), Hurghada International Airport (HRG), and Sharm El Sheikh International Airport (SSH).
  • Direct flights are available from Europe, the Middle East, and North America.

By Train:

• • There are no international train connections to Egypt.

By Ship:

• • Ferries operate between Egypt and Jordan (Aqaba to Nuweiba). Cruise ships also dock in Alexandria and Port Said.

By Car:

• • Border crossings are available from Libya (Salloum) and Sudan (Wadi Halfa). A Carnet de Passage is usually required.

By Bus:

• • International buses connect Egypt with Israel and Jordan.

Get Around

By Plane:

• • Domestic flights connect Cairo with Luxor, Aswan, and the Red Sea resorts. Airlines include EgyptAir and low-cost carriers.

By Train:

• • The train network connects major cities like Cairo, Alexandria, and Luxor. First-class sleeper trains are a comfortable option for long distances.

By Ship:

• • Ferries operate on the Nile and the Red Sea. Nile cruises are a popular way to explore Upper Egypt.

By Car:

• • Renting a car is possible but driving can be chaotic in cities. Opt for a private driver or taxi for long distances.

By Bus:

• • Long-distance buses are affordable and connect most towns. Go Bus and Super Jet are reliable options.

Stay

1. Marriott Mena House (Giza):
• Address: 6 Pyramids Road, Giza
• Average Price: €200-€300/night
• A historic hotel with views of the Pyramids.
2. Dahab Paradise (Dahab):
• Address: Blue Hole Road, Dahab
• Average Price: €50-€80/night
• A tranquil resort with a pool and Red Sea views.
3. Sofitel Winter Palace (Luxor):
• Address: Corniche El Nile Street, Luxor
• Average Price: €120-€200/night
• A colonial-style luxury hotel near the Nile.
4. Adrere Amellal Eco-Lodge (Siwa Oasis):
• Address: Adrere Amellal, Siwa
• Average Price: €400-€500/night
• A sustainable lodge blending into the desert landscape.
5. La Maison Bleue (El Gouna):
• Address: Kite Center Road, El Gouna
• Average Price: €250-€400/night
• An opulent villa with unique architecture.
6. Mövenpick Resort Aswan (Aswan):
• Address: Elephantine Island, Aswan
• Average Price: €150-€250/night
• A luxurious stay with Nile views.

Safety

Stay Safe

• General Safety:
• Egypt is generally safe for tourists, especially in popular areas like Cairo, Luxor, and the Red Sea resorts.
• However, some regions, particularly near the borders with Libya and Sudan, are less secure and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.
• Petty Crime:
• Pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas such as markets and public transportation hubs. Always keep your belongings close.
• Avoid flashing expensive jewelry or gadgets in public.
• Scams:
• Be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help, as some may expect a tip or attempt to scam tourists.
• Always agree on taxi fares beforehand or ensure the meter is running.
• Terrorism:
• While rare, attacks have occurred in the past. Stay updated on local advisories and avoid large gatherings or protests.
• Road Safety:
• Traffic can be chaotic in urban areas. Opt for licensed taxis, ride-hailing apps like Uber, or private drivers.

Stay Healthy

• Vaccinations:
• Routine vaccinations like Hepatitis A and Typhoid are recommended. Consult your doctor for other suggestions.
• Water Safety:
• Avoid drinking tap water. Stick to bottled or filtered water.
• Be cautious with ice and uncooked food, especially in street markets.
• Heat-Related Illness:
• Always carry water, wear a hat, and apply sunscreen to prevent dehydration and heatstroke.
• Avoid outdoor activities during peak midday heat.
• Medical Facilities:
• Major cities like Cairo and Alexandria have good hospitals, but rural areas may lack proper facilities.
• Travel insurance is essential to cover medical emergencies.

Travel Expenses

Costs of Everyday Items

• Food in Supermarkets:
• Loaf of bread: €0.30
• Bottle of water (1.5 liters): €0.20-€0.50
• Milk (1 liter): €0.90
• Local beer: €1-€2
• Transportation:
• Bus ticket: €0.20-€0.50
• Taxi ride (5 km): €2-€5
• Fuel price (per liter): €0.30-€0.50

Flights

• From Europe: €200-€400 (round trip).
• From America: €600-€1,000.
• From Asia: €500-€800.
• From Oceania: €900-€1,500.
• From Africa: €100-€300 (depending on the location)

Accommodation

• Budget hotels/hostels: €15-€30 per night.
• Mid-range hotels: €50-€120 per night.
• Luxury stays: €150-€400 per night.

Meals

• Street food: €2-€5 per meal.
• Local restaurants: €5-€10.
• Fine dining: €20-€40.

Activities

• Entry fee to the Pyramids of Giza: €10-€15.
• Nile cruise: €100-€300 (depending on duration).
• Diving/snorkeling tours: €30-€80.

Estimated Travel Costs Based on Duration

• 1 Week:
• Budget: €500–€800
• Mid-Range: €1,000–€1,500
• Luxury: €2,000+
• 2 Weeks:
• Budget: €900–€1,300
• Mid-Range: €1,800–€2,500
• Luxury: €3,500+
• 3 Weeks:
• Budget: €1,300–€1,800
• Mid-Range: €2,800–€3,500
• Luxury: €5,000+

Etiquette & Connectivity